Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses one of the most important risks to our health today. AMR occurs when an organism develops resistance to an antimicrobial that is used to treat it.
Antimicrobials are an integral component of health care delivery, and they need to be readily available and effective. When resistance emerges and the effectiveness of antimicrobials is reduced, this has a significant impact on an individual’s treatment and the community more broadly. For example, if antimicrobials become ineffective, important treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy for cancer may no longer be a viable option.
Slowing the rate of AMR, preparing for and responding to new and emerging threats, and ensuring that antimicrobials are used appropriately are key components of the Commission’s work with the states and territories, and the private sector, to ensure the safety and quality of health care in Australia.
The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (the Commission) was funded by the Department of Health to establish and coordinate a national surveillance system for Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Australia (AURA). This system is now in place and the Commission is expanding the data collected and analysed to provide reports that will inform policy and practice. AURA supports the implementation of Australian Government’s First National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy 2015–2019 to prevent and contain AMR.
The Commission released AURA 2017 – Second Australian report on antimicrobial use and resistance in human health in August 2017. The report is primarily focussed on analyses of 2015 data. It builds on AURA 2016 to increase the comprehensiveness of the picture of antimicrobial use, resistance and the appropriateness of prescribing in Australia across all healthcare settings.
AURA 2017 Second Australian Report on Antimicrobial use and resistance in human health
AURA 2017 Information sheet 1: Areas for Action 2017-2019 (PDF 84 KB)
AURA 2017 Information sheet 2: CARAlert Information sheet (PDF 87KB)
AURA 2017 Information sheet 3: Antimicrobial Resistance (PDF 128 KB)
AURA 2017 Information sheet 4: Antimicrobial Use (PDF 85KB)
AURA 2017 Infographic 1: Overview Antimicrobial resistance (PDF 163KB) (JPG 149KB)
AURA 2017 Infographic 2: Community Antimicrobial Use (PDF 299KB) (JPG 234KB)
AURA 2017 Infographic 3: Hospital Antimicrobial Use (PDF 296KB) (JPG 135KB)
Professor John Turnidge – AURA Surveillance System: AURA 2017 (PDF 3MB) (PPT 5MB)
Dr Morgyn Warner – The Aura Surveillance System and AMS (PDF 794 KB) (PPT 3MB)
Dr Kathyrn Daveson – AURA 2017 implication for change in clinical practice (PDF 945KB) (PPT 4MB)
AURA 2017 Frequently Asked Questions (PDF 403KB) (Word 1006KB)
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
A |
|
B |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY WITH APICAL SUSPENSION
A. Traction on cervix with circumferential incision of vaginal mucosa (orientation)
B. Delivery of uterus through posterior cul-de-sac with cut pedicles
C. Uterosacral vaginal vault suspension
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
C |
|
C |
|
C |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
Vault prolapse (post hysterectomy) | GoR* |
---|---|
|
A |
|
A |
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
C |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
Isolated rectocele | GoR* |
---|---|
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
C |
|
C |
|
C |
|
D |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
Isolated cystocele | GoR* |
---|---|
|
A |
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
C |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
C |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
Prolapse surgery and lower urinary tract functions | GoR* |
---|---|
Women with POP + SUI | |
|
A |
|
A |
Women with POP + occult SUI | |
|
B |
|
A |
|
A |
|
A |
Continent women with POP | |
|
B |
Women with POP and Overactive Bladder (OAB) | |
|
C |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
GoR* | |
|
A |
|
B |
|
B |
|
C |
|
C |
|
D |
* Grades of Recommendation
Adapted from International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI). 2017 ICI Surgical Pathway for Pelvic Organ Prolapse. (urogynaecology.com.au)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the ICI (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance.
The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) considers there is a lack of adequate scientific evidence for it to be satisfied that the risks to patients associated with the use of single incision mini‐slings for the treatment of SUI outweigh their benefits. These products have been removed from the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG)
* Grades of Recommendation
This pathway is adapted from UroGynaecological Society of Australasia (UGSA) Surgical treatment of SUI pathway (2016)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance
Retropubic versus transobturator mid-urethral sling | GoR* |
---|---|
|
A |
|
A |
|
B |
|
C |
* Grades of Recommendation
This pathway is adapted from UroGynaecological Society of Australasia (UGSA) Surgical treatment of SUI pathway (2016)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance
Retropubic versus transobturator mid-urethral sling | GoR* |
---|---|
|
A |
|
A |
|
B |
|
C |
* Grades of Recommendation
This pathway is adapted from UroGynaecological Society of Australasia (UGSA) Surgical treatment of SUI pathway (2016)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance
Pubovaginal (fascial) sling | GoR* |
---|---|
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
– |
* Grades of Recommendation
This pathway is adapted from UroGynaecological Society of Australasia (UGSA) Surgical treatment of SUI pathway (2016)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
|
B |
* Grades of Recommendation
This pathway is adapted from UroGynaecological Society of Australasia (UGSA) Surgical treatment of SUI pathway (2016)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance
GoR* | |
---|---|
|
B |
|
C |
|
– |
* Grades of Recommendation
This pathway is adapted from UroGynaecological Society of Australasia (UGSA) Surgical treatment of SUI pathway (2016)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance
GoR* | |
|
A |
|
B |
|
C |
* Grades of Recommendation
This pathway is adapted from UroGynaecological Society of Australasia (UGSA) Surgical treatment of SUI pathway (2016)
The Grade of Recommendation has been derived from the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence (see Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Nov;24(11):1781 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00192-013-2168-x and expert opinion during the Commission’s development of the guidance